The second (inverse) geodetic problem involves which of the following?

The second (inverse) geodetic problem primarily involves the determination of the azimuth and distance between two known geographic points on the Earth's surface. This includes calculating the angle (azimuth) from one point to another, as well as the length of the geodesic (the shortest path over the Earth's surface) connecting these two points.

In geodesy, the inverse problem is crucial for applications that require navigation, mapping, and understanding spatial relationships between different locations. By solving this problem, practitioners can derive important information about the spatial layout of locations without needing to directly measure the distance or angle physically.

For instance, when provided with the latitude and longitude of two points, using the inverse geodetic formulas allows one to find how far apart the two points are and the angle needed to travel from one point to the other. This data is foundational for applications in various fields, including cartography, urban planning, and even in the development of transportation networks.

Other options do not encompass the core concept of the inverse geodetic problem as directly as the determination of azimuth and distance does. The first choice relates to finding a coordinate, the second focuses on height measurements, and the last one concerns geospatial data associated with a location, none of