What does the North arrow on a map indicate?

The North arrow on a map is a vital component that indicates geographic orientation, showcasing the direction of true north. This helps users understand how the map aligns with the real-world landscape, making it easier to interpret the map in relation to their surroundings. Geographic orientation ensures that navigators can orient themselves and find their way using the map effectively, whether they are walking, driving, or using other means of travel.

While map scale defines the relationship between distances on the map and corresponding distances on the ground, and time zones relate to the different regions of the world receiving sunlight at different times, these elements do not give direction. Magnetic declination, which is the angle between magnetic north and true north, can also be relevant for navigation but is a specific measurement rather than the general orientation provided by the North arrow. Thus, the North arrow's primary purpose revolves around indicating geographic orientation.