What is the first (direct) geodetic problem concerned with?

The first (direct) geodetic problem focuses on calculating the coordinates of a second point based on a known starting point, along with other relevant measurements such as distance and angle. This process essentially involves determining the position of one location in relation to another using trigonometric principles. By solving this problem, geographers and surveyors can establish a clear spatial relationship between two points on the Earth’s surface. It sets the foundation for more complex geodetic calculations and is crucial for various applications in mapping and navigation.

The other choices address different aspects of geodesy. Determining the azimuth and length of a connecting line pertains to indirect measurements and positioning rather than directly calculating coordinates. Finding the height of a point above the geoid involves altimetric measurements that assess vertical displacement, which is a different component of geospatial analysis. Identifying the gradient between two locations is focused on slope and rate of change, relating more to terrain analysis instead of establishing point coordinates directly.