Which is the process of creating software solutions for geospatial issues?

The process of creating software solutions for geospatial issues is best described as application development. This encompasses the design, creation, testing, and deployment of software applications that analyze, visualize, and process geospatial data. Application development in the context of geospatial issues involves leveraging programming languages, development frameworks, and GIS tools to build solutions that meet specific geospatial needs, such as mapping applications, spatial analysis tools, and decision support systems.

The focus on application development emphasizes not just the technical construction of software but also the requirement to understand geospatial principles and problems the software aims to address. It plays a crucial role in integrating user needs with technological capabilities to provide effective tools for users working in the field of geography, urban planning, environmental science, and more.

Other options revolve around different aspects of working with geospatial information. Data manipulation refers to the processes involved in cleaning, transforming, and preparing geospatial data for analysis but does not encompass the broader scope of building software solutions. Systems design and management pertains to the architecture and organizational aspects of geospatial systems rather than the creation of applications themselves. Geospatial data fundamentals involve understanding the principles of geospatial data, including types, sources, and basic analytics but lack the focus on software development and application creation, which