Which model focuses on the connections and pathways within a spatial data network?

The model that focuses on the connections and pathways within a spatial data network is the network model. Network models are specifically designed to represent and analyze the relationships and interactions between different entities within a network framework. This is particularly relevant in various applications such as transportation, utilities, social networks, and more, where the emphasis is on how different points (nodes) are interconnected by pathways (edges).

In a network model, the relationships are depicted in terms of connectivity and flow, which allows for the analysis of routes, distances, and accessibility. This level of detail is essential for solving problems related to navigating the network, optimizing routes, and understanding the dynamics of flow through the system.

In contrast, vector models represent geographic features using points, lines, and polygons; raster models use a grid system of cells based on their attributes to represent continuous data; and cartographic models focus on the visual representation and design of geospatial information rather than on the underlying connectivity of a spatial data network. Each of these models serves distinct purposes in the realm of geographic information systems, but the network model is uniquely suited to analyzing connections and pathways.