Which of the following is NOT a purpose of topographic maps?

Topographic maps are specifically designed to depict the three-dimensional features of the terrain on a two-dimensional surface, emphasizing elevation changes and the configuration of the landscape. They achieve this through contour lines, which illustrate various elevations, as well as through the representation of land surface details such as rivers, lakes, forests, and other natural features.

Representing land surface details is a fundamental purpose of topographic maps, as they provide a visual representation of both natural and man-made features. Mapping geological formations can also be included in some topographic maps, as these maps may provide additional geological information that enhances the understanding of the terrain’s structure.

The indication of urban infrastructure, while relevant to some types of maps, is not a primary purpose of topographic maps. While topographic maps may show features like roads and buildings, their main focus is on the physical terrain and elevation rather than the specifics of urban development or infrastructure. Thus, this makes the option regarding urban infrastructure distinctly separate from the main objectives of topographic maps.