Which technique allows for interpreting and analyzing spectral images collected from airborne or satellite sensors?

The technique that allows for interpreting and analyzing spectral images collected from airborne or satellite sensors is remote sensing. This field focuses specifically on obtaining information about objects or areas from a distance, typically using satellite or aerial imagery.

Remote sensing utilizes the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with materials on the Earth's surface to capture data. Spectral images are categorized based on different wavelengths of light that surfaces reflect, absorb, or emit. This enables the analysis of various features like land cover, vegetation health, and water quality. By processing these spectral images through various techniques and algorithms, practitioners can extract meaningful insights and make informed decisions regarding environmental monitoring, urban planning, disaster management, and more.

The other choices, while related to geospatial sciences, do not specifically address the analysis of spectral imagery. Cartographic reasoning pertains to the principles of map design and interpretation; spatial analysis involves the examination of spatial relationships and data patterns, and geographic data interpretation involves the integration and understanding of geographic information, but none focus specifically on the analysis of spectral data from remote sensors.